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Indian summer
"Frost's departure", meaning a period of warm, dry, and hazy weather, occurs after the first frost of the year. This phenomenon usually takes place from mid-September to nearly December, depending on the location. The term originated in 1774 in North American English (also used in eastern Canada), perhaps because it was first observed in regions still inhabited by Native Americans or because the Indigenous people first reported it to the Europeans in the upper Mississippi valley to the west of the Appalachians. There is no evidence to support a connection between the term and the color of fall leaves or a season of renewed Native American attacks on settlements due to renewed warm weather (a widespread explanation dating back to at least the 1820s).
It is the American version of the British All-Hallows summer, the French été de la Saint-Martin (feast day Nov. 11), etc. Also colloquial were St. Luke's summer (or little summer), a period of warm weather occurring around St. Luke's day (Oct. 18). An older and simpler name for it was autumn-spring (1630s).
也來自:1774
相關條目 Indian summer
"居住在印度或南亞的人; 與印度有關的",公元1300年(名詞和形容詞),源於拉丁晚期 indianus,來自 India(見 India)。至少從1553年起,將其應用於美洲土著土地的原住民稱爲名詞(自1610年代起作爲形容詞),反映了西班牙和葡萄牙的用法,錯誤地認爲美洲是亞洲的東端(18世紀末至19世紀偶爾也用於菲律賓的居民和澳大利亞和新西蘭的土著居民)。舊英語的形容詞是 Indisc,而16世紀常用的形容詞是 Indish。
爲了區分美洲土著居民和印度居民,用詞 Red Indian 首次出現在1831年的英國英語中(卡萊爾),但在北美並不常用。雨果·勞森(“惡意之詞”)寫道,“ Indian 在種族稱謂中與其他詞相比,直到近年來都沒有太多貶義價值。”一些短語,其中大多數是美國短語,詆譭了誠實或智力,例如 Indian gift:
An Indian gift is a proverbial expression, signifying a present for which an equivalent return is expected. [Thomas Hutchinson, "History of Massachusetts Bay," 1765]
“印度禮物”是一句諺語,表示期望獲得同等回報的禮物。[托馬斯·哈欽森,“馬薩諸塞灣的歷史”,1765]
因此, Indian giver “一個給了禮物然後要求拿回來的人”(1848)。 還比較 Indian summer。 Indian elephant 始於公元1600年; Indian corn 始於1620年代; 走 Indian file 始於1758年。 作爲一種武器, Indian club 最早是1824年,作爲健身器材,最早爲1825年(俱樂部被認爲是美國西部土著戰士的特徵武器,如路易斯和克拉克等人所述)。 以美洲印第安人側面肖像爲特徵的美國銅便士的形容詞,始於1862年的 Indian-head。
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Indian summer的趨勢
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僅供參考,由機器翻譯系統提供。查看原文,請訪問:Etymology, origin and meaning of Indian summer
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